RHP South African
River Health Programme
Ecological State of the Major Rivers
of Mpumalanga

Level II Ecoregions

Main Attributes Ecoregion 2.13
Main Rivers Tributaries Olifants
Terrain morphology: Broad division Closed hills, mountains, moderate to high relief.
Vegetation types North-eastern mountain grassland
Altitude (m a.m.s.l) 800-1000; 1000-1250; 1250-1500
Geology Hornblende and biotite granite, granophyre, quartzite, shale, basalt, andesite, conglomerate, sandstone, tuff
Soils Shallow lithosols
Mean annual precipitation (mm) 400-600; 600-800; 800-1000 (limited)
CV (%) of annual precipitation 25-30; 30-35
Rainfall concentration index (%) 60-65; >65 (limited)
Rainfall seasonality Early summer (peak December or earlier)
Mean annual temperature ( ºC) 14-16; 16-18; 18-20
Range of median annual runoff (mm) for
quaternary catchments (natural, simulated)*
40-60; 60-80; 80-100; 100-150 (limited); >250 (limited)
CV (%) of annual simulated runoff for quaternary catchments 50-60; 60-70; 80-90
After: Schulze et al. 1997; Low & Rebelo 1996; van Riet et al. 1997
* Based on ACRU model (Schulze et al. 1997)
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