CATEGORY 1

1.	Ageratina adenophora - Crofton Weed

Category 1
Origin:  Central America
Indigenous alternatives:
Barleria obtusa Bush Violet
Barleria saxatalis Small Blue Barleria
Barleria albostellataPersitrophe cernua False Buckwheat

2.	Albizia procera - False Lebbeck
Category 1
Origin:  Tropical Asia
Indigenous alternatives:
Acacia xanthophloea Fever Tree
Albizia suluensis Zulu False-thorn
Albizia versicolor Large-leaved False-thorn
Ficus bubu Swazi Fig

3.	Anredera cordifolia - Madeira Vine

Category 1
Origin:  South America
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Cissus rotundifolia Bushveld Grape
Tinospora caffra Orange Grape Creeper

4.	Araujia sericifera - Moth Catcher

Category 1
Origin:  South America
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Adenia gummifera
Mondia whitei White’s Ginger
Petopentia natalensis Propeller Vine
Tacazzea apiculata Crawcraw Vine

5.	Ardisia crenata - Coral Bush

Category 1
Origin:  South East Asia
Indigenous alternatives:
Erythroxylum delagoense Small-leaved Coco Tree 
Mitriostigma axillare Small False Loquat
Pavettta bowkeri
Pavetta natalensis Natal Bride’s Bush

6.	Bryophyllum delagoense - Chandelier Plant
(= Kalanchoe tubiflora, Bryophyllum tubiflorum, Kalanchoe delagoensis)

Category 1 
Origin:  Madagascar
Indigenous alternatives:
Cotyledon orbiculata Pig’s Ears
Kalanchoe crenata Yellow Hairy Kalanchoe
Kalanchoe thyrsiflora White Lady
Kalanchoe paniculata Large Orange Kalanchoe

7.	Canna indica - Wild Canna or Indian Shot (not hybrid cultivars)

(C. X generalis or some Canna hybrids may also escape from formally landscaped areas)

Category 1
Origin:  Tropical America ( C & S America and West Indies)
Indigenous alternatives:
Crocosmia masnorum Golden Swans Crocosmia 
Gladiolus dalenii African Gladiolus
Kniphofia spp.  Red Hot Pokers
Zantedeschia aethiopica White Arum Lily

8.	Cestrum aurantiacum  - Yellow or Orange Cestrum
and Cestrum elegans - Crimson Cestrum

Category 1
C. parqui Chinese Cestrum and C. laevigatum Inkberry are also Category 1 plants.
Origin: C. aurantiacum Guatemala and C. elegans Mexico
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Bauhinia tomentosa Bush Neat’s Foot
Burchellia bubalina Wild Pomegranate
Peddiea africana Poison Olive
Polygala myrtifolia September Bush

9.	Cinnamomum camphora - Camphor Tree

Category 1
Origin:  China, Taiwan and Japan
Indigenous alternatives:
Cryptocarya latifolia Broad-leaved Quince
Cryptocarya myrtifolia Myrtle Quince
 Cryptocarya woodii Cape Quince

10.	Cortaderia selloana - Pampas Grass (excluding sterile cultivars)

Cortaderia jubata Pampas Grass is a Category 1 plant, which may also be grown in Durban.

Category 1
Origin:  South America
Indigenous alternatives:
Cymbopogon spp.  Turpentine Grasses
Mariscus solidus
Miscanthus capensis East-coast Broom Grass

11.	Eugenia uniflora - Cherry Hedge or Surinam Cherry

Category 1
Origin:  Brazil and Guyana
Indigenous alternatives:
Cryptocarya wylei Red Quince
 Eugenia natalitia Common Forest Myrtle
Syzygium pondoense Pondo Waterwood
Teclea gerrardii Zulu Cherry-orange

12.	Hedychium coccineum - Red Ginger Lily
and Hedychium gardnerianum - Kahili Ginger Lily

Category 1
Origin:  Himalayas
Indigenous alternatives:
Crinum moorei Moore’s Lily
Dracaena aletriformis Large-leaved Dragon Tree
Plectranthus ecklonii Large Spur-flower Bush
Siphonochilus aethiopicus Wild Ginger

13.	Hedychium coronarium - White Ginger Lily
and Hedychium flavescens - Yellow Ginger Lily

Category 1
Origin: H. coronarium India to Indonesia and H. flavescens Himalayas
Indigenous alternatives:

Crinum moorei Moore’s Lily
Dracaena aletriformis Large-leaved Dragon Tree
Plectranthus ecklonii Large Spur-flower Bush
Siphonochilus aethiopicus Wild Ginger

14.	Ipomoea alba - Moonflower
and Ipomoea indica - Morning Glory
 
Category 1
Origin: Tropical America
Posionous
Indigenous alternatives:
Ipomoea albivenia Climbing Kapok
Ipomoea ficifolia Fig-leaved Ipomoea
Ipomoea mauritiana Large Forest Ipomoea
Mondia whitei White’s Ginger

15.	Macfadyena unguis-cati - Cat's Claw Creeper

Category 1
Origin:  Mexico to Argentina
Indigenous alternatives:
Acridocarpus natalitius Moth-fruit
Senecio tamoides Canary Creeper
Senecio brachypodus
Senecio pleistocephalus

16.	Passiflora suberosa - Indigo Berry

Passiflora subpeltata - Granadina, which occurs naturally from Central Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela is also a Category 1 plant.
Category 1
Origin:  South America

Posionous
Indigenous alternatives:
Adenia gummifera 
Cissus fragilis Forest Grape Vine
Jasminum multipartitum Starry Wild Jasmine
Jasminum angulare Wild Jasmine

17.	Pennisetum setaceum - Fountain Grass

Category 1
Origin:  North Africa
Pennisetum villosum Feathertop (excluding the sterile cultivar ‘Rubrum’) is also a Category 1 plant, which may be grown in Durban.
Indigenous alternatives:
Aristida junciformis Gongoni Three-awn
Imperata cylindrica Cottonwool GrassSetaria megaphylla Broad-leaved Bristle Grass
Setaria sphacelata Golden Bristle Grass

18.	Rhus succedanea (= Toxicodendron succedaneum) - Wax Tree

Category 1
Origin:  Japan to India
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Bridelia micrantha Mitzeerie
Combretum kraussii Forest Bushwillow 
Galpinia transvaalica Wild Pride-of-India
Protorhus longifolia Red Beech

19.	Rivina humilis - Rivina or Rouge Plant or Bloodberry

Category 1

Origin:  USA
Indigenous alternatives:
Freesia laxa Small Red Iris
Freesia grandiflora Large Red Iris
Justicia betonica Paper Plume
Justicia capensis Money Plant
Phaulopsis imbricata

20.	Solanum seaforthianum  - Small Potato Creeper

Category 1
Origin:  Tropical America
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Asparagus falcatus Large Forest Asparagus 
Cissus rotundifolia Bushveld Grape
Solanum geniculatum Creeping Potato
Tinospora caffra Orange Grape Creeper

21.	Tecoma stans - Yellow Bells

Category 1
Origin:  Tropical America
Indigenous alternatives:
Ochna natalitia Natal Plane
Peltophorum africanum Weeping Wattle
Pittosporum viridifolium Cheesewood
Thespesia acutiloba Wild Tulip Tree

22.	Thelechitonia trilobata - Wedelia or Singapore Daisy

Category 1
Origin:  Tropical America

Indigenous alternatives:
Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed
Aspilia natalensis Wild Creeping Sunflower
Gazania rigens Trailing Daisy

23.	Thevetia peruviana - Yellow Oleander

Category 1
Origin:  Mexico and West Indies
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Ochna natalitia Natal Plane
Peltophorum africanum Weeping Wattle
Thespesia acutiloba Wild Tulip Tree

24.	Triplaris americana - Ant Tree

Category 1
Origin:  S. Panama to S.E. Brazil 
Indigenous alternatives:
Barringtonia racemosa Powder-puff Tree
Erythrina lysistemon Common Coral Tree

CATEGORY 3

25.	Bauhinia variegata - Pink Camel's Foot or Orchid Tree
and Bauhinia variegata var. candida - White Camel’s Foot

Category 3
Origin:  East Asia
Bauhinia purpurea Butterfly Orchid Tree, which is also in Category 3,  is a very similar species.
Indigenous alternatives:

Afzelia quanzensis Pod Mahogany
Bauhinia galpinii Pride-of-De Kaap
Calodendrum capense Cape Chestnut
Schotia brachypetala Weeping Boer-bean

26.	Jacaranda mimosifolia - Jacaranda (excluding sterile cultivar 'Alba')

Category 3
Origin:  NW Argentina
Indigenous alternatives:Calodendrum capense Cape Chestnut
Millettia grandis Umzimbeet
Peltophorum aficanum Weeping Wattle
Schotia brachypetala Weeping Boer-bean

27.	Ligustrum lucidum - Chinese Wax-leaved Privet

Category 3
Origin:  Korea and China
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Chionanthus foveolatus Common Pock Ironwood
Chionanthus peglerae White Pock Ironwood
Olea woodiana Forest OliveRhamnus prinoides Dogwood

28.	Lilium formosanum - St Joseph's Lily

Category 3
Origin:  Taiwan
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Crinum bulbispermum Orange River Lily

Crinum macowanii River Lily 
Crinum moorei Moore’s Crinum
Hibiscus calyphyllus Large Yellow Wild Hibiscus

29.	Nephrolepis exaltata - Sword Fern (excluding cultivars)

Category 3
Origin:  N & C America and West Indies
Indigenous alternatives:
Microsorium scolopendrium Creeping Dune Fern
Nephrolepis biserrata
Rumohra adiantiformis Leather Fern 
Stenochlaena tenuifolia

30.	Plectranthus comosus - Woolly Plectranthus
(P. barbatus has been misapplied to this species)

Category 3
Origin:  India
Indigenous alternatives:
Leonotis intermedia Broad-leaved Leonotis
Plectranthus ecklonii Large Spur-flower Bush
Pycnostachys reticulata Slender PycnostachysTetradenia riparia Iboza

31.	Pontederia cordata - Pickerel Weed

Category 3
Origin:  Brazil and Argentina
Indigenous alternatives:
Cyperus textilis Tall Star Sedge
 Hygrophila auriculata Elephant’s Dilemma
Zantedeschia aethiopica White Arum Lily

Zantedeschia albomaculata Spotted-leaved Arum

32.	Psidium cattleianum - Strawberry or Cherry Guava
 (= Psidium littorale var. longipes)

Category 3
Origin:  Brazil
Indigenous alternatives:
Dombeya rotundifolia Wild Pear
Eugenia natalitia Common Forest Myrtle
Ochna arborea Cape Plane

33.	Senna pendula - Rambling Cassia

Category 3
Origin:  S America
Senna bicapsularis Rambling Cassia has also escaped in Maputaland and in the Mpumalanga Lowveld.
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Calpurnia aurea Natal Laburnum 
Crotalaria capensis Cape Rattle Pod
Phyllanthus reticulatus Potato Bush 
Senna petersiana Monkey Pod

34.	Syzygium cuminii - Jambolan

Category 3
Origin:  Indo-Malaysia
Syzygium jambos Rose Apple, which is in Category 3, has also escaped formal horticulture in Durban.
Indigenous alternatives:
Syzygium cordatum Umdoni

Syzygium guineense Water Pear

NO CATEGORY

35.	Aristolochia elegans - Dutchman's Pipe

Origin:  Brazil
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Dioscorea sylvatica Forest Elephant’s Foot
Dioscorea cotinifolia Wild Yam

36.	Callisia repens - Dwarf-striped Inch Plant

Origin:  Southern Mexico
Indigenous alternatives:
Crassula expansa Fragile Crassula
Crassula multiclava Fairy Crassula
Crassula sarmentosa
Plectranthus strigosus Small Money Plant

37.	Coreopsis lanceolata - Tickseed

Origin:  Eastern USA
Indigenous alternatives:
Berkheya speciosa
Gazania krebsiana Bush Gazania
Gazania rigens Trailing Gazania
Haplocarpha scaposa False Gerbera

38.	Duranta erecta - Forget-me-not-tree

Origin:  USA to Brazil

Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Dovyalis caffra Kei Apple
Dovyalis longispina Natal Apricot
Grewia occidentalis Cross-berry
Plumbago auriculata Plumbago

39.	Mimosa pudica - Sensitive Plant

Origin:  Tropical, North and South America
Mimosa pigra Giant Sensitive Plant, which is in Category 3, has escaped formal landscapes elsewhere in South Africa.
Indigenous alternatives:
Indigofera hedyantha Black-bud Indigo 
Indigofera micrantha Forest Indigo
Tephrosia capensis Small Pink Tephrosia
Tephrosia grandiflora Large Pink Tephrosia

40.	Mirabilis jalapa - Four O’clock

Origin:  Tropical America
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Dissotis princeps Purple Wild Tibouchina
Gunnera perpensa Wild Rhubarb
Thunbergia natalensis Natal Blue Bell

41.	Schefflera actinophylla - Queensland Umbrella Tree
(= Brassaia actinophylla)
and Schefflera arboricola - Hawaiian Elf

Origin: S. actinophylla New Guinea and Tropical Australia and S. arboricola Taiwan
Poisonous

Indigenous alternatives:
Cussonia nicholsonii Natal Coast Cabbage Tree
Cussonia spicata Common Cabbage Tree
Cussonia sphaerocephala Natal Forest Cabbage Tree
Cussonia zuluensis Zulu Cabbage Tree

42.	Senna occidentalis - Stinking Weed or Wild Coffee

Origin:  Uncertain, possibly Tropical America
Senna septemtrionalis and Senna hirsuta have also escaped cultivation in Durban.
Poisonous
Indigenous alternatives:
Hypericum revolutum Curry Bush
Ochna serrulata Small-leaved Plane 
Psychotria capensis Black Bird-berry
Rhamnus prinoides Dogwood